12 May 2006

Stenålderscheckar

Efter snart sex år i New York stångas jag ännu med det absurda, seglivade checksystemet.
USA må utklassa världen i forskning och sätta trender för tekniker och livsstilar. Men när amerikanerna ska få lön och betala räkningar är de kvar på betalningssystemens bronsålder: de kör med checkar.
Samma personer som jämt är uppkopplade och har fem kreditkort per plånbok tycker det är fullt rimligt att få lön eller arvode medelst en papperscheck att lösa in på banken. Endast storföretag gör direktinsättningar på de anställdas konton, vilket väl i Sverige blev norm på – 60-talet?
Min land lady tar inte emot hyra annat än genom en check på posten. Bank- eller postgiro finns inte, och även om Internetbanker och PayPal nu slår igenom sker hälften av alla in- och utbetalningar med check. Miljarder checkar transporteras runt i landet till Federal Reserves centraler av en flygmaskinsarmada, och var och en processas maskinellt och manuellt ett otal gånger.
Så systemet skapar arbetstillfällen. Men särskilt rationellt är det ju inte.

Jag vägrar skaffa checkhäfte. Det skulle kännas som att ta ett stort kliv bakåt i utvecklingen, även om det möjligen skulle göra mitt liv i USA lättare. När jag istället gör en Internetbetalning genom storbanken Chase sker bara min del av transaktionen elektroniskt. Vad Chase gör är sedan att ställa ut en check – som skickas vidare med snigelpost!
En gång betalade jag parallellt genom min svenska (Sthlm–Paris) respektive amerikanska (NYC–NYC) Internetbank, och i det förra fallet kom pengarna till Paris fram nio (9) dagar snabbare. I praktiken var skillnaden större, eftersom mottagaren i New York – min hyresvärdinna – då ändå bara fått dem som en check.

Utvecklingen mot elektroniska betalningar snabbas på av alla problem som uppstod när checkflygningarna låg nere i september 2001 (vilket lett till den statliga lagen Check 21). Men amerikanerna tycks gilla sina checkar. Och trots att bankerna försöker få kunderna att betala elektroniskt tjänar de enorma belopp på att utnyttja pengarna under de långa transaktionstiderna, så kallad float.

För det mest absurda av allt är att USA:s banker, fullt lagligt, kan vänta upp till tio dagar innan de gör beloppet för en insatt check helt tillgängligt.
Kongressmotionen Consumer Checking Account Fairness Act försöker ändra på detta. Men tills den eventuellt går igenom retar jag gallfeber på mina amerikanska inneboende genom att förbjuda dem att ge mig checkar för hyran – och genom att ständigt tjata om att så här gammalmodigt går det minsann inte till i Sverige. När svenska banker lurar sina kunder på “float” sker det åtminstone utan papperscheckar.
/Gunilla


[Uppdatering 2 december: Till sist gav jag upp och skaffade ett j-a checkhäfte.}

2 comments:

  1. Gunilla,

    I have been in the States since mid 80's, and this is the number one puzzling issue to me as well. I have the following speculations:

    1. US Bank world. Until just recently, US banks were very local and low-tech. Also there was thousands of seperate banks, which made every transaction very complicated in itself. Since all banks were small, nobody had any resources to create a large scale payment system.

    2. Anonymity. With the lack of personal number, and the inherent desire for anonymity, checks were key to use as payment tools. I just learned about Western Uniion's money transfer. You can send money anywhere in the US, just by giving a person's name. They only have to prove that's their name, to get the money. No account number, no address needed other than State.

    3. Swedish Postgiro/Bankgiro. Don't know for sure, but it must be one of the first and smartest solutions for money transfer I have ever seen. US has nothing similar even today. Transferring money between banks is still a hazard. Not to mention between a US and an International bank (but you probably know all about that).

    4 . People's credit capability. I still today see many people write checks, without having the proper funds behind it. They live so closely to the edge, that 2-3 days of extra credit before a check is cashed saves their day.

    Thanks for a great blog, by the way, I read it every day.

    mikke

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  2. Thanks, Mikke – please keep reading my blog!

    Yes, checks will always be a mystery to me. I first started to understand how weird it all was when an American friend of mine, who is also a freelance writer, once had to come home from China, where he had a very extended field trip. The main reason was he had to cash checks from his magazines for articles he had written from China – and it was so strange to me why he couldn't just ask them to put the money into his account... Now I know how check-based this system is.

    One of the reasons I gave up and finally got some checks was precisely 4) – sometimes I do need the extra days of credit. My landlady usually cashes our checks on the 9th or 10th of a month. But if I want to transfer money via banks and get it to her before the 5th (the due date of the rent) I have to start that process on the 24th or so the previous month (if the money starts in Sweden) or maybe the 29th or 30th (if I already have the money here). Quite a long float time... Now it will be fine if I have money on the account 5–10 days later than before.

    You're absolutely right that the Swedish "giro" systems work fine – I have had various giro accounts since I was 11 (a long time ago!), and it works even better now as Internet require no paperwork. I hope they exist at least in other civilized countries, if not the US. Even if you can't compare Sweden and the US as of scale, I guess there was a point when the small, local Swedish bank decided to cooperate on this...

    There are things as direct payments via my American Internet bank, but my land lord's company certainly does not have it!

    As of Western Union – yes, it works _perfect_ but it is pretty expensive. I only use it when no other options exist, for example in an emergency situation (if I would have lost my card and be stuck somewhere). I have often used it to transfer money to countries such as Yemen or Mali. But aset from the high transaction cost, it shows how quickly money can be transferred these days! It only takes like 10 minutes...

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